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Hello. I'm Dr. Guru Sonpavde.
I'm the GU oncology
and Phase 1 director
at the Advent Health
Cancer Institute
in Orlando, Florida.
I'm here to discuss
bladder cancer, types,
risk factors, diagnosis,
treatment and prevention.
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These are my disclosures.
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Coming to bladder
cancer incidence,
this is the tenth most
common cancer worldwide.
It's the sixth most
common in men and
the 17th most common
cancer in women.
For some reason we
still don't fully
understand it is a more common
cancer in men than women.
The incidence is
approximately 573,000
cases of new bladder
cancer patients in a year,
approximately in the world and
approximately 80,000 new
cases a year in the US.
However, despite the incidence,
the prevalence is much higher
and out of proportion
to the incidence.
This is due to the fact
that patients with
earlier stage non-muscle
invasive bladder cancer
as we call them tend to keep
recurring and there
are many patients with
recurrent non-muscle
invasive bladder
cancer that can keep getting
treated without it
affecting mortality.
Really when you look
at the prevalence,
you can see that there
are approximately
720,000 cases in the
US approximately in
a year which is way higher
and out of proportion to
the incidence of
80,000 cases a year.
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The epidemiology
of bladder cancer.
This is a cancer
that arises from
the lining urothelium of
the bladder and
approximately 20% of
cancers of the urothelium
may arise from
the upper urinary tract or
the urethra instead
of the bladder.
But approximately 80%,
the vast majority,
do arise from the bladder.
The median age is
approximately 70 years,
so this is really a cancer of
the elderly older patients.
There is a male predominance
as I said before,
approximately 70% of
patients are men,
and also approximately 75% of
new bladder cancer cases
are non-muscle invasive at
diagnosis as opposed to
muscle invasive which is
a more aggressive invasive
stage of the disease.
Now there is a risk of
environmental and
occupational toxin exposure
that can lead to bladder cancer.
Cigarette smoking is a
well-known risk factor
as well as exposure to dyes,
aromatic amines, plastic
and chemical industries,
polyaromatic hydrocarbons,
paint exposure,
arsenic exposure and in
some countries an exposure
to an infestation with a
worm called schistosomiasis,
a chronic indwelling foleys
catheter can lead to
chronic inflammation
which can lead
to an increased risk
of bladder cancer.
Also prior pelvic radiation
therapy for example,
radiation therapy
for prostate cancer
can expose the
bladder to a dose of
radiation which can in
the long run lead to an
increased incidence
of bladder cancer.
Also prior chemotherapy like
cyclophosphamide exposure,
especially younger patients who
received high doses of
cyclophosphamide for a leukemia or
some other hematologic
malignancy have been known
to have a risk of bladder
cancer after many years.
