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This presentation will
examine Nucleus, with
a focus on the structure and
functions of the
eukaryotic nucleus,
including its protective
nuclear envelope
and selective nuclear
pore complexes.
We will explore how DNA is
compacted into chromatin,
the roles of chromatin structure
and epigenetic regulation in
gene expression, and the
specialized functions
of subnuclear bodies
like the nucleolus.
Finally, we will discuss
the dynamic communication
between the nucleus and
cytoplasm, and how
nuclear processes
ensure genetic integrity
and cellular function..
The nucleus, a
defining feature of
eukaryotic cells,
serves as the command centre for
genetic regulation. Spherical or
oval and about five to ten
micrometres in diameter, the nucleus safeguards the
organism’s genetic blueprint—about
two metres of DNA per
human cell—requiring
remarkable compaction.
The double-membraned
nuclear envelope separates
nuclear contents
from the cytoplasm,
providing protection
and communication.
Nuclear pores allow selective
exchange of macromolecules.
Inside are the nucleolus,
which synthesises
ribosomal RNA and assembles
ribosomes, and chromatin,
a combination of
DNA and proteins
enabling compact packaging
of genetic material.
The packing of DNA inside
the nucleus forms chromatin,
a dynamic framework
enabling compaction
and regulated gene
accessibility.
Chromatin appears
as either relaxed,
active euchromatin or
condensed, usually
inert heterochromatin.
It is organized into
repeating nucleosomes—
