Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
My name is Helen McShane.
I'm professor of vaccinology at
the Jenner Institute in
the University of Oxford.
I'm a clinician by
training and I have led
the TB vaccine program at
the University of Oxford
for the last 10 years.
0:17
Tuberculosis or TB remains
a very significant cause of
both disease and death
throughout the world.
The World Health Organization
(WHO) figures for
2010 where there
were 8.8 million
new cases and
1.45 million deaths
attributable to tuberculosis.
The emergence of
drug-resistant strains of
mycobacterium tuberculosis
have compounded
the problem and reduced
our ability to effectively
treat this disease.
We now have multi-drug
resistant (MDR) strains,
extensively drug-resistant
(XDR) strains,
and now totally
drug-resistant (TDR) strains.
The geographical overlap with
the HIV epidemic and
the TB epidemic has had
a devastating impact,
particularly in
Sub-Saharan Africa,
but also in India and China.
In addition, it's
estimated that a third of
the world's population are
latently infected with TB.
These people are at risk of
reactivation should they become
immunosuppressed for any reason
and globally the
commonest cause of
immunosuppression is
co-infection with HIV.
1:30
This figure demonstrating
estimated TB incidence rates
in 2010 is taken from
the World Health
Organization and clearly
demonstrates that the burden of
the disease is in
Sub-Saharan Africa,
particularly in Southern Africa.
However, looking at the map,
there is very clearly a
significant amount of
disease throughout many
parts of the world,
particularly Southeast
Asia, India,
China, and the
Russian Federation.
