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Hello, everyone. Today
I will be discussing
nutritional disorders
and their impact
on clinical pathology testing.
A topic that delves into
how our understanding of
both undernutrition and over
nutrition informs diagnostic
and treatment strategy
within a clinical setting.
My name is Dr. Edward Chambers
from Imperial College, London.
I'm delighted to
walk you through
this very important area
of clinical pathology.
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Nutritional disorders can
broadly be classified into
malnutrition encompassing
both deficiencies
and excesses in nutrient intake,
and this is very important.
Malnutrition is not just
about insufficient
intake but also includes
the overconsumption
of nutrients leading
to imbalances that affect
our overall health.
By definition, undernutrition is
when we are not getting
enough energy or
nutrients whilst
overnutrition means we
are getting more energy or
nutrients than our body needs.
Majority of humans are well
adapted so that on a
day-to-day basis we eat
the required amount of
energy or nutrients to match
our energy expenditure
so that we are in
a state of relative
energy balance.
Today we will be discussing
the dual issues of undernutrition
and overnutrition.
Focusing on how
pathology tests play
a key role in
diagnosing and managing
common health conditions
that arise in
these states of under
and overnutrition.
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We start with overnutrition,
which occurs when energy
intake chronically
exceeds what is needed
for the body to function.
On a daily basis,
our diet contains
more energy than
the total amount of energy
that we are expending.
Let's put this
into some context.
If we were to over eat
just 100 kilocalories
a day so this
is equivalent to a small apple
or a small cup of skimmed milk.
This would lead to a
theoretical weight gain of
approximately 10 pounds or
4.5 kilos over the
course of a year.
If this overnutrition
is maintained,
it often leads to obesity
which is defined by
a body mass index or BMI
of above 30 kilograms
per meter squared.
Obesity contributes
significantly to
health complications by
disrupting normal glucose
and lipid metabolism
which can lead to
conditions such as Type 2
diabetes and dyslipidaemia.
