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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Historical background
- The somatic mutation theory
- The normal human chromosome complement
- The Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)
- Chromosome banding 1970
- t(9;22) (q34;q11) in CML
- t(8;21)(q22;q22) in AML
- Translocations detected by banding 1973-1979
- Translocations in solid tumors 1980-1989
- Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
- FISH: example
- Specific cytogenetic aberrations 1981 - 1985
- Balanced chromosome aberrations (1)
- Burkitt lymphoma
- t(8;14)(q24;q32)
- IGH/MYC
- The Ph chromosome: t(9;22)(q34;q11)
- BCR/ABL1
- Fusion gene confirmations: BL scenario
- Fusion gene confirmations: CML scenario
- Chromosome aberrations in cancer reported
- Chromosome aberrations
- Balanced chromosome aberrations (2)
- Fusion genes detected by cytogenetic guidance
- Gene rearrangement - overwhelming evidence
- Multistage process
- Chromosome abnormalities in neoplasia
- Chromosome aberrations of AML
- Chromosome aberrations in tumors
- Clinical significance of findings
- 12-year-old girl with pains in her left leg
- Prognostic significance
- Imatinib – targeted treatment in CML
- Survival of CML patients
- EML4/ALK caused by inv(2)(p21p23)
- From discovery to targeted treatment
- Limitations of cytogenetics
- Gene fusions detected by 2005
- Correlation: fusion genes and abnormal tumors
- Fusion genes in prostate cancer
- Guided and unguided detection of fusion genes
- Next generation sequencing
- The role of the fusion genes
- Cancer genome anatomy project
Topics Covered
- Chromosome translocations
- Fusion genes in cancer
- Chromosome aberrations in cancer
- Clinical significance of findings
- Prognostic significance
- Imatinib targeted treatment in CML
- Survival of CML patients
- From discovery to targeted treatment
Links
Series:
Categories:
Therapeutic Areas:
Talk Citation
Mitelman, F. (2023, September 5). Chromosome translocations and cancer [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 12, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/MYBE4131.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Felix Mitelman has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Other Talks in the Series: Cancer Genetics
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
I am Felix Mitelman
at the University of
Lund, in Sweden.
And my lecture
will be on the role played
by chromosome translocations
in cancer development.
I will also briefly discuss
the clinical significance
of translocations
as diagnostic
and prognostic tools
in the management
of cancer patients.
And finally, I will present
some remaining questions
as to how, when and why
the aberrations are formed.
0:31
But first,
a historical background
as an introduction.
And an appropriate
starting point
is 100 years ago in 1914,
when Theodor Boveri
in this famous book, in English,
on the origin of cancer
presented a conceptually
new idea, which later became known
as the somatic mutation
theory of cancer.
0:57
Boveri proposed
that cancer originates
in a single cell
by mitotic disturbances
resulting
in chromosome aberrations.
Through
subsequent cell divisions,
this acquired genetic change
is propagated
to all daughter cells.
And as a consequence,
all cells in a cancer
carry the genetic abnormality
that initiated this process.
This remarkably prescient idea
still today remains
the paradigmatic view
of cancer pathogenesis
supported by
a wealth
of experimental evidence.
But it long remained
a theoretical idea,
which could not be
examined critically
until technical improvements
in human cytogenetics
were made half a century later,
and led to the description in 1956