Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello. My name is Mark Arends.
I'm the Professor
of Pathology at
the University of Edinburgh and
today, I'm giving a lecture on
the pathogenesis of neoplasia.
0:13
The learning outcomes
for this lecture are to
learn about what are
the genetic changes
driving tumour progression.
Focusing on both oncogenes and
tumour suppressor genes as
the two major classes
of genetic changes.
Followed by, how does
genetic instability occur and
the role of abnormalities of
DNA repair, and then how do
cancers invade and metastasise?
0:42
Starting with oncogenes,
we can start with the
question, what genes
are targeted for
mutation in cancer?
These are the genes that
regulate cell proliferation,
cell death and the signalling
within cells, to and from
cells, and the matrix.
These genes are involved
in monitoring and
maintaining genetic stability
and genomic integrity.
They're also genes
involved in regulating and
maintaining tissue
architecture including
cell movement and cell adhesion.
In cancer, the two major classes
of gene that are altered
are firstly, the oncogenes
and secondly, the tumour
suppressor genes.
1:25
What are oncogenes?
Oncogenes are
essentially a class of
normal genes and if one of
the alleles is mutated,
they are said to act in
a dominant or positive
gain-of-function fashion in
contributing to the
development of a tumour.
Typically, mutations
affect only one allele
of the pair of alleles
of an oncogene.
And as I mentioned, these are
not special cancer genes,
but these are normal genes
that have a normal role in
growth control and they can
be activated in several ways.
