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Respiratory rate and
patterns in children.
My name is Hanna
Bellsham-Revell and I'm
pediatric cardiologist at
Evelina London
Children's Hospital.
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There are various ranges
available and I will be
using the UK PEWS data for
this series of lectures.
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Normal ranges for
respiratory rate at rest.
Between 0 and 11 months
this can be between 30-50
per minute at 1-4 years
20-40 per minute.
5-12 years 20-25 per
minute and more than 13
years, 15-25 per minute.
It's important to
look at trends,
not just isolated
numbers and you may
see a response to treatment
in the respiratory rate.
For example, a fast
respiratory rate
that comes down with inhalers.
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A higher than normal
respiratory rate.
A higher than normal
respiratory rate
is called tachy fast,
pnoea breathing, tachypnoea.
Physiologically this can be
normal for example, in exercise,
anxiety, pain or stress and this
should settle once the
trigger has stopped.
It can also be
physiological, for example,
in response to infection,
dehydration, blood
loss or fever.
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Lower than normal
respiratory rates.
Lower than normal respiratory
rates are known as
brady slow, pnoea
breathing, bradypnoea.
Physiologically this can
be normal for example,
if you're very relaxed
or very athletic.
But it can also be
a physiological
response pathology for example,
a brain injury or
medication such as opiates.
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Abnormal breathing patterns.
Use of accessory muscles or
working hard is a sign
of respiratory distress.
This can include nasal
flaring, tracheal tug,
intercostal and
subcostal recession,
use of shoulder muscles or
grunting which is
known as auto-PEEP.
Kussmaul breathing is usually
seen in acidosis where
you are trying to
breathe off carbon
dioxide and this is
often seen in diabetic
ketoacidosis.
This is a rapid and
deep sighing breathing.
