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0:00
Welcome to this short
lecture on drug toxicity,
mechanisms, interactions, and
adverse drug reactions.
I'm Karel Allegaert.
I'm a clinical pharmacologist
located at KU Leuven.
0:16
Why would we discuss this topic?
Well, it's simply because
drugs, unfortunately,
do not only have effects
but also side effects.
These are commonly mentioned on
the leaflet or on the label,
and some specific
events like AKI,
DILI, or allergy are hereby
specifically highlighted.
AKI stands for acute
kidney injury.
DILI stands for
drug-induced liver injury.
There are high-risk drugs and
there are high-risk
subpopulations.
It's important to discriminate
between adverse drug events,
which are time-related events,
to adverse drug reactions,
which do have also a
connotation on causality,
so really, causally
related to the drug.
This means that we have to
consider causality assessment
and related to that also,
seriousness, and severity.
There are quite some
different mechanisms
involved and we will provide
some classifications.
An important message
to healthcare
providers is that we need
a reporting ecosystem.
We have to report on
adverse drug reactions.
Whether we are doctors,
nurses, pharmacists, midwives,
or whoever is involved
in this ecosystem,
as well obviously as
patients and their families.
1:36
As I already
somewhat alluded to,
drug use is a balanced decision
between efficacy and safety.
Depending on the severity
or the seriousness
of the disease,
people will generally accept
a lower safety profile
for instance if you treat
an oncological disease,
you will accept
that you may have
risks associated with
such treatments.
If we consider the definitions,
