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Welcome to this short lecture on drug toxicity, mechanisms, interactions, and adverse drug reactions. I'm Karel Allegaert. I'm a clinical pharmacologist located at KU Leuven.
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Why would we discuss this topic? Well, it's simply because drugs, unfortunately, do not only have effects but also side effects. These are commonly mentioned on the leaflet or on the label, and some specific events like AKI, DILI, or allergy are hereby specifically highlighted. AKI stands for acute kidney injury. DILI stands for drug-induced liver injury. There are high-risk drugs and there are high-risk subpopulations. It's important to discriminate between adverse drug events, which are time-related events, to adverse drug reactions, which do have also a connotation on causality, so really, causally related to the drug. This means that we have to consider causality assessment and related to that also, seriousness, and severity. There are quite some different mechanisms involved and we will provide some classifications. An important message to healthcare providers is that we need a reporting ecosystem. We have to report on adverse drug reactions. Whether we are doctors, nurses, pharmacists, midwives, or whoever is involved in this ecosystem, as well obviously as patients and their families.
1:36
As I already somewhat alluded to, drug use is a balanced decision between efficacy and safety. Depending on the severity or the seriousness of the disease, people will generally accept a lower safety profile for instance if you treat an oncological disease, you will accept that you may have risks associated with such treatments. If we consider the definitions,

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Drug toxicity: mechanisms, interactions, and adverse drug reactions

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