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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Learning outcomes
- Useful references
- What are antimicrobial agents?
- History of antimicrobial chemotherapy
- The discovery of penicillin
- The discovery of penicillin continued
- The search for other antibiotics
- Selection of antimicrobial agents for clinical use
- Targets for antimicrobial agents
- The cell envelope
- DNA Gyrase inhibitors
- Inhibitors of transcription & translation
- Spectrum of activity
- Broad vs. narrow spectrum antibiotics
- Bacteriocidal vs. bacteriostatic antibiotics
- Topical vs. oral / intravenous drugs
- Summary of antibacterial antibiotics
- Resistance mechanisms
- Resistance mechanisms: mutation in target protein
- Antibiotic resistance: mutations
- Resistance mechanisms: membrane permeability
- Enzymes that degrade antibiotics
- Resistance mechanisms: beta-lactamases
- Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotics
- Drug resistance mechanisms
- The spread of antibiotic resistance
- Clinical factors contributing to antibiotic resistance
- Plasmids
- Bacteriophages can spread bacterial genes
- World data on distribution of AMR bacteria
- Incidence of deaths due to AMR infections
- Deaths due to infections caused by AMR pathogens
- Pathogens responsible for AMR deaths (2018)
- Healthcare associated infections
- Factors affecting burden of bacterial AMR
- Looking ahead
- Reducing hospital spread of antibiotic resistance
- Poor control of antibiotic availability
- Multiple drug resistance & antimicrobials future
- The future
Topics Covered
- What are antimicrobial agents?
- Basic types of antimicrobial agents
- How are compounds selected for therapeutic use?
- Resistance mechanisms
- Mechanisms for the spread of antibiotic resistance
- New approaches
Links
Series:
Categories:
Therapeutic Areas:
External Links
- Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
- Advisory Committee on Antimicrobial Prescribing, Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infection (APRHAI)
- Q&A: Antibiotic resistance: where does it come from and what can we do about it?
Talk Citation
Goldberg, M. (2024, July 31). Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved October 13, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/WZGM5413.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Dr. Martin Goldberg has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Other Talks in the Series: Introduction to Microbiology
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello. My name is
Dr. Martin Goldberg.
I'm a lecturer in
Clinical Microbiology at
Birmingham City University
One of my great passions
is about antibiotics
and antibiotic resistance and
the development of new
antimicrobial compounds.
So, what today's talk will
be about is first of all
giving you an understanding
of the basics of what
antibiotics are,
how they work, and then looking
onto problems of
antibiotic resistance.
0:38
So, I'll talk about the basic
types of antimicrobial agents.
I'll give you a little
bit of history.
I'm going to then talk
about the semantics
to how it is that compounds are
chosen for therapeutic
use and how clinicians
decide which compounds
are going to be the
most effective depending
on the types of infection.
I'll then give you a
very brief overview
on resistance mechanisms,
mechanisms for the spread
of antibiotic resistance,
looking at the
consequences of resistance
to antimicrobial compounds,
and then finally, an outlook on
the future in terms of
antibiotic resistance
and drug discovery.
1:20
So, there's a few
references here one or
two a little bit elderly, but
nevertheless contain a
few important pieces
of information that
you will find useful.
1:31
First of all, what do we mean
by antimicrobial agents?
These are compounds that inhibit
the growth and/or replication
of microorganisms.
A simple definition
and there are
basically two types of
compounds you can get.
There are bacteriocidal agents
which kill microorganisms
and there are
bacteriostatic or static
agents which rather
than killing the microorganism
simply prevent their growth,
but if the compound is removed
or becomes more dilute,
then growth can recommence.
So, I'm going to give you
a little introduction