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1. Introduction
2. Basic questions: randomization
3. Basic questions: restricted randomization
4. Possible randomization obstacles
5. Predictability-reducing methods
6. Covariate-adaptive methods
7. Response-adaptive methods
8. The need to reduce predictability
9. Considering randomization in 2-dimensional space
10. Efron-type biased coins
11. Efron-type biased coin randomization
12. Adaptive biased coins as draws from an urn
13. Adaptive biased coin randomization (urn method)
14. Big-stick rule
15. Biased-coin with imbalance tolerance
16. Nash-equilibrium-based randomization (1)
17. Nash-equilibrium-based randomization (2)
18. Nash-based procedure for MTI = 2, k = 1/8, N = 8
19. The maximal procedure (MP)
20. MP: each allowable path is equally likely
21. MP: resulting probabilities for N = 8, MTI = 2
22. The maximal procedure: conclusions
23. Part 2: covariate-adaptive randomization
24. Covariate-adaptive randomization
25. Minimization (Taves)
26. Biased-coin minimization (Pocock and Simon)
27. Hierarchical covariate-adaptive methods
28. Optimal biased-coin covariate-adaptive methods
29. Part 3: response-adaptive randomization (RAR)
30. Play-the-winner (Zelen)
31. Modified play-the-winner
32. Randomized play-the-winner (1)
33. Randomized play-the-winner (Wei & Duham)
34. Randomized play-the-winner (2)
35. Objections to RAR methods
36. Conclusions
37. References (1)
38. References (2)

Topics Covered

• Obstacles to standard methods of restricted randomization
• Biased coin methods
• Nash equilibrium
• The maximal procedure
• Covariate adaptive methods
• Response adaptive randomization
• Predictability and the potential for selection bias
• Efficiency of treatment effect estimators
• Patient welfare issues
• Optimal randomization

Links

Series:

• Design and Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Categories:

• Methods
• Pharmaceutical Sciences

Talk Citation

Publication History

• Published on October 1, 2007
• Archived on May 31, 2018

Financial Disclosures

• Dr. William Grant has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.