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Normative restraints on cyber conflict
Cyber Security: A Peer-Reviewed Journal,
1
(4),
331-342
(2018)
Abstract
Cyber security is a relatively new international problem. A decade ago, it received little attention as an international issue, but since 2013 the Director of National Intelligence has named cyber security risks as the biggest threat facing the USA. Although the exact numbers can be debated, various non-profit organisations have listed hundreds of state-sponsored attacks by a score of countries in the past decade. Many observers have called for laws and norms to manage the growing cyber threat. In this paper the author outlines the key normative restraints on cyber conflict. The author draws on the development of international norms in recent history to offer insights into the formation of normative restraints in the cyber realm.
Keywords: cyber; security; regimes; information warfare; norms; international law; entrepreneurs; Internet; conflict; United Nations; nuclear; China; Russia; Europe; United States; Helsinki process; privateer
The full article is available to subscribers to the journal.
Author's Biography
Joseph S. Nye is University Distinguished Service Professor and former Dean of Harvard‘s Kennedy School of Government. He received his bachelor‘s degree summa cum laude from Princeton University, won a Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford and earned a PhD in political science from Harvard. He has served as Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, Chair of the National Intelligence Council and a Deputy Under Secretary of State. His most recent books include The Powers to Lead, The Future of Power and Presidential Leadership and the Creation of the American Era. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the British Academy and the American Academy of Diplomacy. In a recent survey of international relations scholars, he was ranked as the most influential scholar on American foreign policy, and in 2011, Foreign Policy named him one of the top 100 Global Thinkers. In 2014, Japan awarded him the Order of the Rising Sun.
