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Research paper

What drives the credit risk in the banking sector? A systematic literature review

Salah U-Din
Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions, 18 (4), 411-426 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.69554/MJGE5766

Abstract

A stable banking sector is an essential part of the modern-day economy and higher credit risk is a major source of bank instability. Therefore, many research studies have been conducted to identify the determinants of credit risk in the past three decades. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review of the prior studies on the determinants of credit risk published from 1988 to 2022 in peer-reviewed journals. The motivations of this study are to draw a more comprehensive conceptual framework of credit risk determinants, evaluate the policy responses to recent banking crises and propose future research avenues. The findings of 452 relevant prior studies are divided into three broad categories of credit risk determinants. The three broad categories are macro, bank-specific and sector-specific variables which are then divided into six sub-categories and further divided into 43 credit risk determinations. The results reveal that more specific, multidiscipline and multicounty research studies may help to further understand this topic to improve stability in the banking sector. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.

Keywords: banking sector; credit risk; non-performing loans; determinants; literature review

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Author's Biography

Salah U-Din is a Professor of Financial Services at the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology. Salah holds a PhD in banking and finance from Massey University New Zealand and is a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) from Canada. He previously worked in the Canadian banking sector in the area of wealth management for many years before joining the teaching and training profession. His research interests are bank efficiency, credit risk, climate change and corporate governance. He is widely published by various conferences and journals.

Citation

U-Din, Salah (2025, September 1). What drives the credit risk in the banking sector? A systematic literature review. In the Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions, Volume 18, Issue 4. https://doi.org/10.69554/MJGE5766.

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cover image, Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions
Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions
Volume 18 / Issue 4
© Henry Stewart
Publications LLP

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