The conservation and restoration of the Great Pagoda at Kew Gardens

Abstract

The Great Pagoda at Kew, constructed in 1761 as part of a pleasure landscape, has undergone a major programme of conservation and restoration to return it to an appearance close to its original form while ensuring long-term structural stability. This paper describes the multidisciplinary approach adopted, combining historical research, architectural conservation, and structural engineering. Particular emphasis is placed on the reinstatement of the pagoda’s ornamental dragons, for which limited historical evidence existed, requiring extensive research, prototyping, and design development. Innovative techniques, including the use of three-dimensional scanning and printing, enabled accurate reproduction while minimising structural loads on the historic fabric. The paper also details the investigation and repair of the masonry, timber floors, and roof structures, addressing issues of shrinkage, loss of lateral restraint, and vertical cracking, while adhering to principles of minimal intervention. The design and implementation of a free-standing scaffold enabled safe access without imposing additional load on the building. Wind testing and bespoke fixing solutions ensured the secure installation of new elements under extreme conditions. The project demonstrates how modern engineering methods and technologies can be integrated with conservation principles to preserve historic structures, enhance public access and ensure their continued resilience within a challenging environment. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.