Automating the last mile: A trial to transform baggage operations

Abstract

As air travel continues to grow, airports are under increasing pressure to modernise baggage operations — particularly the last mile, where manual processes remain a persistent bottleneck. This paper explores how innovative automation, enhanced by smart process strategies, can transform this critical phase into a safer, more efficient and future-ready operation. Drawing on insights from a live trial at Oslo Airport and a modelled case study of a major hub, it outlines a vision for fully automated baggage handling. Central to this is the concept of batch building, supported by robotic loading, autonomous vehicles and intelligent logistics software. Simulation results from a modelled hub suggest strong potential: automated batching could reduce handler hours by approximately 20 per cent while operating in just 90 per cent of the original space. Further automation with robotic, in-time build may cut total handler hours by nearly half while operating in the same initial footprint. In addition, automating handler processes could significantly reduce mishandled bags. Beyond operational gains, these innovations support a healthier, more sustainable workplace and lay the foundation for smarter, more resilient baggage operations across the industry. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.