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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Conflict of interest
- Smallpox: variola virus, 30% mortality
- Smallpox: 1900–1980 deaths
- Bioterrorism
- Poxvirus structure
- Virus replication cycle
- MPXV intracellular virions
- Smallpox
- Emerging pox diseases
- Localized and generalized poxvirus infections
- Vaccinia virus
- Vaccinia virus infection
- Cowpox: Orthopoxvirus
- Emerging poxviruses
- US monkeypox (mpox) outbreak
- An increase in human mpox infections
- 40 mpox outbreaks in CAR, 2001–2021
- 2021 case of mpox in Maryland, US
- Mpox transmission in North America
- WHO data: worldwide mpox outbreak
- Worldwide mpox infection distribution
- Poxviruses with animal reservoirs
- Spillover: from animals to humans
- Virulence differences
- Clinical symptoms
- Mpox deaths, CAR, 2022
- Mpox lesions (1)
- Mpox lesions (2)
- Mpox lesions (3)
- Diagnostic challenges: chickenpox
- Diagnostic challenges: secondary syphilis
- Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV)
- MCV on human skin
- History of vaccination against smallpox
- Vaccine fears: fake news
- Vaccinia virus
- Dotplots comparing virus genomes
- Vaccination for smallpox
- Dryvax calf lymph smallpox vaccine
- Vaccine complications
- Generalized vaccinia (rare)
- Complications of vaccination with vaccinia
- Eczema vaccinatum
- Progressive vaccinia: immunodeficiency
- Prevention of poxvirus infections
- Better poxvirus vaccine options (1)
- Modified Vaccinia Ankara (Jynneos)
- Better poxvirus vaccine options (2)
- Vaccinia A35R
- A35 is a virulence factor
- Infection with 500 to 10^5 PFU/mouse
- A35 inhibits antigen presentation
- A35 is present in endosomes
- MHC class II & Ag presentation
- Impact of A35 on Ag presentation
- A35 blocks the immunologic cascade
- A35 decreases antibody production
- A35 decreases the number of IFNγ secreting T cells
- A35 controls pathogenicity and immunity
- A35Δ vaccine protects against virulent challenge
- A35 patent
- Drug and antibody treatments
- Targeting the virus replication cycle
- ST-246 blocks envelope formation
- Tecovirimat (ST246, TPOXX)
- Resistance to TPOXX
- Cidofovir and brincidofovir
- CDC website
- New drug development: IMP 1088
- Poxvirology 2024 and beyond
- Acknowledgments
- Update: Mpox Clade Ib 2024
Topics Covered
- Monkeypox virus (MPXV)
- Monkeypox disease (mpox)
- Pox virus vaccination
- Smallpox
- Variola virus
- Poxvirus structure and infections
- Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV)
- Cowpox
- Vaccinia virus infection and vaccination
- Orthopoxviruses
- Mpox outbreak, transmission, and presentation
- Dryvax calf lymph smallpox vaccine and ACAM 2000
- A35 deletion vaccine
- ST-246, tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir
Links
Series:
Categories:
Therapeutic Areas:
External Links
- CDC: Smallpox
- Mpox Emergence: A Review of the 2022-2023 Outbreak
- Vaccinia Virus Infection After Sexual Contact with a Military Smallpox Vaccinee
- Fatal Cowpox Virus Infection in Human Fetus, France, 2017
- BBC news: An outbreak of monkeypox in the United States
- CDC and Health Partners Responding to a Monkeypox Case in the U.S. Massachusetts
- Multi-Country Outbreak of Mpox, External Situation Report#29 – 20 October 2023
- CDC: Mpox Signs and Symptoms
- CDC: Molluscum Contagiosum
- CDC: Vaccine Images
- CDC: Mpox Treatment Information for Healthcare Professionals
Talk Citation
Roper, R. (2024, August 29). Monkeypox virus, vaccines, and therapeutics [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved October 6, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/HAHH8117.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Dr. Roper has the following patents related to poxvirus diagnostics and vaccines: Methods and compositions for poxvirus A35R protein, U.S. patent issued Patent No 8202521, Australian patent issued No 2006339618, Mexican patent issued No 315638, U.S. patent #2 issued No 9028837.
A selection of talks on Vaccines
Transcript
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0:00
I'm Rachel Roper,
Professor of Microbiology
and Immunology at
the Brody School of Medicine
at East Carolina University.
I'm going to talk today about
poxviruses and
specifically, monkeypox,
mpox, the virus,
the vaccines and therapeutics.
0:19
I'd like to first
announce that I do
have a conflict of
interest because I
have some patents for
improved poxvirus vaccines.
0:28
Even though we're focusing
on monkeypox today,
most of the research that has
been done has been done on
smallpox, which was
caused by variola virus,
and it had about a 30%
fatality rate. It's estimated
0:42
to have killed about
500 million people
in the first 75 years
of the 20th century.
Now it's only supposed
to be in two places,
the CDC - Center
for Disease Control
in Atlanta, Georgia and VECTOR,
the former Soviet biowarfare
center in Russia.
1:02
It's still a concern for
bioterrorism both
smallpox and monkeypox.
A special concern
about it now is
that any developed
poxvirus laboratory can
now also synthesize
these viruses using
DNA synthesis and simple
tissue culture techniques.
1:23
Poxvirus structure,
these are very
large brick or
ovoid-shaped, 200 by
300 nanometers, really
large viruses with
a complex structure.
Multiple membranes
surrounding a protein core,
and they have a linear double
stranded DNA genome,
usually around
200,000 base pairs encoding
about 200 proteins.
On the left, you can see the
mature virus particles here
and on the right,
I'll show you more of
the immature virions
in the next slide.