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Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Multipotent stem cells maintain tissue homeostasis
- Lineage-restricted unipotent stem cells
- Early concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs)
- Discovery of CSCs in leukemia
- Identification of breast CSCs
- Identification of glioma CSCs
- CSCs have been identified in many other cancer types
- In some cancer types, a large portion of tumor cells have tumorigenic potential
- Commonly used markers for identifying CSCs
- Possible origins of CSCs
- Detecting CSC activity by in vitro clonogenic assays
- Measuring CSC activity by in vitro clonogenic assays
- Measure CSC frequency by limiting dilution transplantation
- Studying CSC function by lineage tracking in vivo
- Lineage tracing identifies Lgr5+ cells as intestinal adenoma CSC
- Studying CSC function by cell ablation in vivo
- Cellular plasticity contributes to the conversion of non-CSC to CSC
- Non-CSCs can generate CSCs in vivo upon CSC ablation
- Contribution of CSCs to metastasis
- Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and CSC plasticity
- EMT cells are associated with higher CSC activity
- Distinct CSC populations could exist in the same tumor
- Contribution of the CSC model to intratumor heterogeneity
- Control of CSCs by developmental signaling pathway
- Control of CSC by epigenetic regulators
- Metabolic regulators for CSCs
- Niche regulation of CSCs (1)
- Niche regulation of CSCs (2)
- CSC properties causing chemo- and radio-therapy resistance
- Evasion or suppression of anti-tumor immunity by CSCs
- Therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs
- Thank you!
Topics Covered
- Introduction to normal and cancer stem cell (CSCs)
- Leukemia CSCs
- Solid tumor CSCs
- Possible origin of CSCs
- Functional assays for CSCs
- Conversion of non-CSCs to CSCs
- Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)
- CSC plasticity and heterogeneity
- Signaling and epigenetic regulators of CSCs
- CSC niche
- Role of CSCs in therapeutic resistance
- Strategies for targeting CSCs
Links
Series:
Categories:
Therapeutic Areas:
Talk Citation
Guo, W. (2022, June 30). Cancer stem cells [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved December 3, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/WOAL4472.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Dr. Wenjun Guo has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
Other Talks in the Series: The Molecular Basis of Cancer
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello. My name is Wenjun Guo.
I'm an Associate Professor
of Cell Biology at
Albert Einstein College of
Medicine in New York City.
Today, I will give a basic
introduction to the concepts
and principles of
cancer stem cells.
The research field
of cancer stem cells
is vast and rapidly evolving.
In this lecture, I will only
cover a very limited area of
cancer stem cell biology,
with focuses on
initial conception
and the discovery of
cancer stem cells,
the experimental approaches for
studying cancer stem cells
and the current
prevailing models.
Much of this information
is likely to be
refined and revised
by future studies.
0:46
First, to discuss
cancer stem cells,
we need to talk about normal
tissue stem cell hierarchy.
Many tissue types in
our body are maintained
by multipotent
tissue-specific stem cells.
For example, the
hematopoietic stem cells
constantly regenerate
all the blood cell
lineages in our body.
These multipotent stem
cells are long-lived
and have unlimited
self-renewal ability.
Furthermore, they have
the capacity to generate
transit-amplifying/progenitor
cells that can fully
differentiate into mature cell
types within that tissue.
These transit-amplifying
progenitor cells
have a limited lifespan and a
limited self-renewal capacity,
needing to be
continuously replenished
by multipotent stem cells.
1:37
However, more recently,
people have found
that some tissue types
can also be maintained
by more committed so-called
unipotent stem cells.
For example, the mammary gland.
In these tissue types,
the multipotent stem
cells are required
for the initial
embryonic development.
However, at later stages,
such as postnatal,
distinct mature cell
types can be replenished
by unipotent stem cells
with restricted
differentiation potential.
Distinct from
transit-amplifying progenitors,
these unipotent stem
cells are long-lived
and with unlimited
self-renewal ability.
Different from
multipotent stem cells,
the unipotent stem
cells do not produce
all the cell types
within the tissue.
This heterogeneity of
the stem cell pools
within a given tissue
provided us with new
frameworks for studying
cancer cell origin and
the cancer cell states.