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- Human Population Genetics: An Overview
-
1. Modern human origins
- Prof. Richard Klein
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2. History and geography of human genetic diversity I
- Prof. Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza
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3. History and geography of human genetic diversity II
- Prof. Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza
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4. Cultural evolution
- Prof. Marcus Feldman
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5. The human genomes
- Prof. Gil McVean
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6. Human population structure
- Prof. Noah Rosenberg
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7. The signature of local adaptations in human polymorphism data
- Dr. Anna Di Rienzo
- The Human Genome Project
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8. The HapMap project
- Prof. Andrew Clark
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9. Major gene families in humans and their evolutionary history
- Prof. Yoshihito Niimura
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10. Evolution of human mitochondrial DNA variations
- Prof. Toomas Kivisild
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11. Ethical issues in human population genetics
- Prof. Henry Greely
- Important Phenotypic Phenomena
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12. Evolution: how genes and their variation got here
- Prof. Kenneth Weiss
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13. The genetic component to diabetes
- Dr. Nancy Cox
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14. Genetics of breast and ovarian cancer
- Prof. Jeffrey Weitzel
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15. Colorectal cancer and the rare variant hypothesis
- Prof. Sir Walter Bodmer
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16. Genetic diseases in the Jewish population
- Prof. Neil Risch
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17. The genetics of French Canadians
- Dr. Bernard Brais
- Dr. Bertrand Desjardins
- Prof. Damian Labuda
- Dr. Marc St-Hilaire
- Prof. Marc Tremblay
- Prof. Helene Vezina
- Historical and Geographical Genetic Variation
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18. Human genetic variation of Africa
- Prof. Joanna Mountain
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19. Genetics of Pakistani populations in an Asian and global context
- Prof. S. Qasim Mehdi
- Archived Lectures *These may not cover the latest advances in the field
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20. The genetics of breast and ovarian cancer
- Dr. Piri Welcsh
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21. Historical and geographical genetic variation: Europe
- Prof. Antonio Torroni
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22. Linguistic evolution
- Dr. Merritt Ruhlen
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23. Human microsatellite and minisatellite DNA polymorphisms
- Dr. James Weber
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24. Human population genetics: lifespan
- Prof. Kaare Christensen
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25. History and geography of human genetic diversity III
- Prof. Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza
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26. Major gene families in humans and their evolutionary history
- Prof. Yoshihito Niimura
- Prof. Masatoshi Nei
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27. Natural selection and sequence polymorphism
- Prof. Austin Hughes
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28. Human Y chromosome phylogenetics and phylogeography
- Prof. Peter Underhill
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29. The peopling of the Americas: new insights from genetic studies
- Dr. Theodore Schurr
Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Introduction
- Contents (1)
- Multigene family
- Classical example: hemoglobin
- Evolutionary model of multigene families
- Birth-and-death evolution
- Contents (2)
- Variety of odors
- Variety of odors (2)
- Odor-structure relationship
- Similar structures, but distinctive odors
- Similar odors, but distinctive structures
- Contents (3)
- Molecular mechanism of olfaction
- Olfactory receptors
- Sensory receptor genes in humans
- Combinatorial coding
- Odor-receptor relationships
- OR gene SNPs and odor perception (1)
- OR gene SNPs and odor perception (2)
- Contents (4)
- OR genes in the human genome
- Identification of OR genes
- Numbers of OR genes in mammals
- What does it mean “good sense of smell?”
- Do elephants have a good sense of smell?
- Evolutionary change of the no. of OR genes
- Dolphin’s sense
- Number of OR genes in mammals
- Colobines with poor sense of smell (1)
- Colobines with poor sense of smell (2)
- Contents (5)
- Taste
- Taste receptors
- Pheromone
- Vomeronasal organ
- Chemosensory receptor gene families
- Summary
Topics Covered
- Multigene families
- Evolution
- Olfaction
- Taste
- Hemoglobin
- Birth-and-death evolution
- Odor structure
- Olfactory receptors
- Sensory receptors
Talk Citation
Niimura, Y. (2022, February 28). Major gene families in humans and their evolutionary history [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved April 25, 2024, from https://hstalks.com/bs/4909/.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Prof. Yoshihito Niimura has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.
A selection of talks on Genetics & Epigenetics
Transcript
Please wait while the transcript is being prepared...
0:00
Hello, my name is Yoshihito Niimura
from the University of Miyazaki, Japan.
The title of my talk is Major Gene Families
in Humans and Their Evolutionary History.
0:13
This is the content of my talk.
First, I'd like to talk
about a multigene family.
0:21
A multigene family is a group of genes that
have descended from a common ancestor and,
therefore, have similar functions
and similar DNA sequences.
Historically, a Japanese
geneticist Yoshinari Kuwada,
has mentioned the possibility of chromosome
duplication by observing the chromosomes of maize.
Later, Susumu Ohno published a book entitled
Evolution by Gene Duplication in 1970
and postulated that gene duplication
played a major role in evolution.
A gene duplication generates
two copies of the same gene.
In this situation, it is easier to gain an over function,
because one copy functions as a spare of the original gene.
Therefore, the other gene can alter its
function without losing its original function.
1:16
Hemoglobin provides a classical
example of gene duplication.
It is well known that hemoglobin in red blood cells of
humans is composed of four subunits; two α and two β chains.
There are also γ and δ chains, which are mainly
used in fetuses and newborns, respectively.
In 1961, Ingram proposed that the genes encoding hemoglobin
α, β, γ and δ chains were generated by gene duplication.