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1. Introduction to biochemistry
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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2. Amino acids and peptides
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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3. Protein structure principles
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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4. Observed protein structures
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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5. Protein folds and IV structure
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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6. Protein stability and folding
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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7. Haemoglobin structure and stability
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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8. Enzyme specificity and catalysis
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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9. Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis-Menten)
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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10. Enzyme inhibition; chymotrypsin
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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11. Enzyme regulation and coenzymes
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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12. Lipids, biomembranes and membrane proteins
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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13. Structure and function of carbohydrates
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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14. Metabolism principles
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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15. Glycolysis - energy and useful cell chemicals
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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16. Glycolysis control
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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17. Metabolism of pyruvate and fat
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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18. Urea cycle; oxidative phosphorylation 1
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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19. Urea cycle; oxidative phosphorylation 2
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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20. Light-driven reactions in photosynthesis
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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21. Gluconeogenesis and the Calvin cycle
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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22. Synthesis of lipids and N-containing molecules 1
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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23. Synthesis of lipids and N-containing molecules 2
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
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24. Hormone mechanisms
- Prof. Gerald W. Feigenson
Printable Handouts
Navigable Slide Index
- Intoduction
- Lecture outline
- Metabolism - the chemical reactions of life
- Intro to bioenergetics: high-energy molecules
- Why is ATP a high-energy compound?
- 1,3-BPG and phosphocreatine
- Phosphoenolpyruvate and thioester
- Gibbs Function: concentration
- Gibbs Function: conventions for standard states
- Gibbs Function: concentrations and ΔG
- Gibbs Function: coupling of chemical reactions
- Energetics of transport across biomembranes
- Examples of active transport
- Oxidation-reduction reactions
- What is special about redox reactions?
- Role of electrons in causing reactions to occur
- 4 reaction tendency factors
- What is interesting about redox reactions?
- Redox reactions: quantitation via Gibbs function
- Redox reactions and evolution
- Recognise oxidation levels!
- Lecture summary
Topics Covered
- High-energy molecules
- Information in the Gibbs function
- Types of transport across biomembranes
- Oxidation-reduction reactions
Links
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Talk Citation
Feigenson, G.W. (2022, November 27). Metabolism principles [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved October 5, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.69645/PLNI9666.Export Citation (RIS)
Publication History
Financial Disclosures
- Gerald Feigenson has no commercial/financial relationships to disclose.
Request access to the Principles of Biochemistry lecture series, an extensive introductory to the field of biochemistry. An HSTalks representative will contact you with more information about this series and getting unrestricted access to it.
A selection of talks on Cardiovascular & Metabolic
Transcript
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0:00
Hello. Welcome to this Principles of Biochemistry lecture series.
This is lecture 14.
I am Jerry Feigenson,
a professor in the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics
at Cornell University in the USA.
In the 13th lecture,
you learned some things about carbohydrates.
They have roles in energy use,
in structures needed by cells and in being recognized and bound.
They have a huge range of possible structures,
but determining their three-dimensional structures is often very difficult.
0:41
In this 14th lecture,
you will start to learn about reactions being connected and kept in balance.
And you will see this very interesting behavior of Delta G_0 of hydrolysis
measuring the molecule-by-molecule comparison that describes high-energy molecules.
We will see the role of concentration in the Gibbs function.
We will see the role of transmembrane electrical potential for ion transport.
And we will get some idea of what is special about redox reactions in biochemistry.
1:24
So this new topic that we're starting on now is metabolism,
the chemical reactions of life.
So we'll start on this slide with some general principles.
So one principle is that,
all of the chemical reactions in biology are in balance.
One example is that the synthesis and
the breakdown of a given molecule are essentially equal,
otherwise that molecule would build up or be depleted.
In general, the molecules do not change their concentration much.
We will see that reactions of all the reactions,
amino acids and proteins,
nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates,
all these reactions communicate with each other.
We say they are interconnected. And not obvious,
but this is a fact,
all of the reactions tend to occur.
That means either a favorable Delta G_0 for
each reaction or product concentration being kept low drives the reaction.
Which reactions occur is determined by enzymes.