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1. Introduction
2. Gene by environment interactions
3. Epidemiological findings
4. The floor plan of a typical French farmhouse
5. Asthma/allergy development and farming exposure
6. Endotoxin in bedding as a surrogate marker
7. Lymphocyte subsets
8. Lack of infections and extra Th2
9. Immunoregulatory disorders' increasing incidence
10. Asthma and type 1 diabetes occurrence
11. Disease types increasing in developed countries
12. Generating regulatory T cells
13. Treg cells development is controlled by Foxp3
14. Defective Treg in chronic inflammatory disorders
15. IL-10-secreting regulatory T cells deficiency
16. Treg might inhibit the 3 types of diseases
17. A deficit in regulation of the immune system
18. Evolution turns the inevitable into a necessity
19. Organisms implicated in the hygiene hypothesis
20. Scheme of organism in human evolutionary history
21. Avoidance of an inflammatory response
22. The dendritic cell (DC): identify friend or foe (1)
23. The dendritic cell (DC): Identify friend or foe (2)
24. The immune response to the microfilariae
25. "Old friends" alter the phenotype of dendritic cells
26. PRR and the hygiene hypothesis
27. The innate immune involvement in Treg induction
28. Responses induced by environmental organisms
29. Old friends' and Treg induction scheme (1)
30. Mouse model of allergic asthma
31. Some organisms shown to induce Treg
32. Bystander Treg suppression induced by M.vaccae
33. Old friends' and Treg induction scheme (2)
34. Bystander anti-inflammatory activity
35. Testing the efficacy of mycobacterium
36. M. vaccae active via oral route in model of asthma
37. The underlying hypothesis
38. Prebiotics, probiotics and immunoregulation
39. Do the "old friends" show activity in clinical trials?
40. A probiotics as protection against eczema
41. Treating IBD with Trichuris suis
42. Summary
43. What does the word "hygiene" actually refer to?
44. Limitations of the "hygiene hypothesis"
45. Conclusions

Topics Covered

• Definition of the hygiene hypothesis
• Gene-environment interactions
• Protection from allergic disorders by the farming environment
• Changing incidences of allergic disorders, autoimmunity and inflammatory bowel disease
• Deficient regulatory T cell activity in chronic inflammatory disorders
• Environmental microorganisms, immunoregulation and mammalian evolution
• Changing microbial exposure in developed countries
• Regulatory T lymphocytes and regulation of inflammation
• Animal models
• Cellular mechanisms
• Clinical trials

Links

Series:

• Evolution and Medicine

Categories:

• Clinical Practice
• Immunology

Therapeutic Areas:

• Immunology & Inflammation

Talk Citation

Publication History

• Published on October 1, 2007
• Archived on November 12, 2015

Financial Disclosures

• Prof. Graham Rook has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.