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1. Introduction
2. Topics
3. Ectopic fat
4. Framework of organs interaction (1)
5. Topics - consequences of excess lipid storage
6. Consequences of 'ectopic' fat
7. Lipid oversupply is also referred to as lipotoxicity
8. Ectopic fat and insulin resistance
9. Intramyocellular distribution of lipid droplets
10. Skeletal muscle lipid content
11. The obese and endurance-trained paradox
12. IMCL content and insulin sensitivity
13. Two routes to increased intramyocellular lipid
14. Ectopic fat and the beta cell (1)
15. 'Starling curve' of the pancreas
16. New beta cells are constantly being created
17. Apoptosis is a major factor of beta-cell failure (1)
18. Apoptosis is a major factor of beta-cell failure (2)
19. Ectopic fat and the beta cell (2)
20. Ectopic fat and the liver
21. Liver fat and hepatic insulin resistance
22. Hepatic lipid content related to insulin sensitivity
23. Consequences of hepatic steatosis
24. Topics - causes of ectopic fat
25. Adipose tissue 'dysfunction'
26. Consequences of increased adipose tissue mass
27. The 'adipokine' secretion pattern changes
28. Signal molecules secreted by adipose tissue
29. Adipose tissue 'inflammation'
30. Number of fat cells and the energy 'burden'
31. Large fat cells - a marker of insulin resistance
32. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes
33. Transgenic animal models support Danforth theory
34. Visceral fat is the 'other' ectopic adipose tissue
35. Fat pattern in female and risk of type 2 diabetes
36. Adipose tissue is a complex organ
37. Waist circumference
38. Abdominal adipose tissue - nomenclature
39. Subcutaneous adipose tissue
40. Topics - impairments in fat oxidation
41. Response of the tissues to increased lipid supply
42. Insulin resistance and muscle ATP synthesis
43. Rationale for the study of muscle mitochondria
44. Reduced mitochondrial volume in T2DM
45. Pre-clinical models
46. Topics - ectopic fat treatment
47. Framework of organs interaction (2)
48. Modest weight loss reverses ectopic fat
49. Exercise vs. weight loss
50. Framework - TZDs and 'ectopic' fat
51. Treatment
52. TZD's and ectopic lipid
53. TZDs decrease liver fat
54. Pio increases insulin sensitivity and adiponectin
55. FFA reductions are sufficient to reduce lipotoxicity
56. Summary
57. Thank you
58. Acknowledgements

Topics Covered

• Definition of ectopic fat
• Consequences of ectopic fat
• Insulin resistance
• Beta cell failure
• Increased VLDC cholesterol production / atherogenic dyslipidemia
• Adipose tissue dysfunction
• Adipose tissue inflammation
• An inadequate number of fat cells compared to the energy 'burden'
• Large fat cells
• insulin resistance
• Transgenic animal models
• Visceral fat is the 'other' ectopic adipose tissue
• Adipose tissue is a complex organ
• there is still room for discovery at many levels
• Waist circumference
• Abdominal adipose tissue; nomenclature
• Subcutaneous adipose tissue: radiographic considerations
• The study of muscle mitochondria
• Pre-clinical models
• Modest weight loss reverses ectopic fat
• Exercise vs. weight loss
• Treatment
• TZD's and ectopic lipid

Links

Series:

• Obesity

Categories:

• Clinical Practice
• Metabolism & Nutrition

Therapeutic Areas:

• Cardiovascular & Metabolic

Talk Citation

Publication History

• Published on April 30, 2009

Financial Disclosures

• Prof. Steven Smith has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.