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1. Introduction
2. Neurological symptoms
3. Six issues following the onset of symptoms
4. Pathological and aetiological subtypes of stroke
5. Treatment strategies for ischaemic stroke
6. The prevention of recurrent ischemic events
7. Risk of recurrent ischaemic stroke
8. Survival and vascular event risk after TIA
9. Causes of recurrent ischaemic stroke
10. Recurrent atherothromboembolic events prevention
11. Carotid revascularisation
12. Vascular risk factor control
13. Causal risk factors for recurrent stroke
14. Blood pressure as a major risk factor
15. Increase in BP is associated with stroke
16. Lowering BP reduces the risk of stroke (1)
17. Lowering BP reduces the risk of stroke (2)
18. BP reduction and secondary prevention of stroke
19. HOPE study: inclusion criteria
20. Reduction in stroke, MI or vascular death
21. HOPE study: subgroup analyses
22. HOPE study: outcome events
23. Consistent reduction in risk of stroke with ramipril
24. PROGRESS trial: design
25. PROGRESS trial: blood pressure differences
26. PROGRESS trial: stroke risk reduction
27. BP-lowering effect on risk of recurrent stroke (1)
28. BP-lowering effect on risk of recurrent stroke (2)
29. Combination therapy is more effective
30. How low should BP be lowered?
31. PROGRESS: Effect of combination therapy
32. Lowering BP by non-pharmacological intervention
33. AHA/ASA guidelines: hypertension
34. Second major risk factor: hyperlipidemia
35. Effects of statins on stroke (1)
36. Effects of statins on stroke (2)
37. Statins in patients with a history of stroke
38. Vascular events by lipid concentration
39. Effects of simvastatin allocation on stroke
40. Reduction of LDL-C and relative risk of stroke
41. Dietary and lifestyle modifications
42. AHA/ASA stroke-prevention guidelines: Lipids (1)
43. AHA/ASA stroke-prevention guidelines: Lipids (2)
44. AHA/ASA stroke-prevention guidelines: Lipids(3)
45. Diabetes Mellitus as a risk factor
46. Impact of Ramipril on stroke in HOPE trial
47. Statin treatment in diabetes patients
48. LDL-C reduction effect on major vascular events (1)
49. LDL-C reduction effect on major vascular events (2)
50. LDL-C reduction effect on major vascular events (3)
51. HbA1c reduction associated with stroke reduction
52. AHA/ASA stroke prevention guidelines-diabetes
53. Smoking as a risk factor
54. Smoking and risk of stroke
55. Increasing odds of MI with increased smoking
56. AHA/ASA stroke prevention guidelines - smoking
57. Alcohol intake as a risk factor
58. Alcohol and risk of stroke in men (1)
59. Alcohol and risk of stroke in men (2)
60. Greater intake of alcohol
61. Alcohol consumption and risk of stroke
62. AHA/ASA stroke prevention guidelines - alcohol
63. Is obesity a risk factor for stroke?
64. Body mass index and risk of stroke (1)
65. Body mass index and risk of stroke (2)
66. AHA/ASA stroke prevention guidelines - obesity
67. Can physical activity reduce the risk of stroke?
68. Physical activity and risk of stroke
69. Leisure time physical activity and risk of stroke
70. Active commuting and risk of stroke
71. AHA/ASA guidelines - physical activity
72. Effect of lowering homocysteine on IHD and stroke
73. Folic acid and relative risk of stroke
74. AHA/ASA guidelines - hyperhomocystinaemia
75. AHA/ASA guidelines - Antiphospholipid antibodies
76. Increased risk of stroke with hormone therapy
77. AHA/ASA guidelines - hormone therapy
78. Cardioegenic embolism causes recurrent strokes
79. Atrial fibrillation as a cardioembolic cause
80. Hemorrhagic transformation of cerebral infarction
81. Heparin and recurrent stroke rates
82. Effect of anticoagulants vs. placebo or aspirin
83. The long-term benefits of anticoagulation
84. Outcome among AF patients after TIA or IS
85. Aspirin effect on stroke or systemic embolism
86. Warfarin effect on stroke or systemic embolism
87. Effect of Warfain compared with Aspirin
88. Optimal INR in nonrheumatic AF
89. What is the appropriate treatment for each patient?
90. Clinical predictors of ischaemic stroke in AF
91. Echocardiograph helps to re-stratify the patient
92. New anticoagulants
93. AHA/ASA guidelines - atrial fibrillation
94. AHA/ASA guidelines - acute MI and LFT
95. AHA/ASA guidelines - cardiomyopathy
96. AHA/ASA guidelines - valvular heart disease
97. AHA/ASA guidelines - mitral valve prolapse
98. AHA/ASA guidelines - prosthetic heart valves
99. Patients with patent foramen ovale
100. AHA/ASA guidelines - patent foramen ovale
101. Summary

Topics Covered

• Patients with ischaemic stroke are at high risk of recurrent vascular events
• One strategy to reduce the risk of recurrent events is controlling causal risk factors
• Effective strategies include stopping smoking, lowering blood pressure and blood cholesterol, minimising alcohol and salt consumption and optimizing glycosylated haemoglobin, body weight and physical activity

Links

Series:

• Cerebrovascular Disease

Categories:

• Clinical Practice
• Neuroscience

Therapeutic Areas:

• Neurology

Talk Citation

Hankey, G. (2008, October 27). Prevention: management of risk and protective factors [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved April 20, 2024, from https://hstalks.com/bs/1013/.
Export Citation (RIS)

Publication History

• Published on October 27, 2008
• Archived on December 10, 2018

Financial Disclosures

• Prof. Graeme Hankey has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.