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1. Introduction
2. Understanding human traits' genetic basis
3. Charles Darwin's tree of life
4. Evolution by phenotype
5. Visualizing evolution by phenotype
6. The basic factors of evolutionary change
7. Mutation
8. Genetic drift
9. 'Up or out' in small populations
10. Change is slower in big populations
11. Changes in a DNA sequence over time
12. Bottleneck and founder effect
13. Bottleneck and founder effects in Finland
14. Finnish disease examples
15. Geographic pattern of schizophrenia in Finland
16. Bottlenecks and phenogenetic relationships
17. A general age-area-frequency correlation
18. Natural selection
19. Types of natural selection
20. Directional selection
21. Balancing selection
22. Gene flow
23. Current human variation
24. Geographic coherence in allele frequencies
25. Global Y-chromosome haplotype distribution
26. Global mtDNA haplotype distribution
27. Genetic similarity between nearby populations
28. World variation is a subset of African diversity
29. Variability of Africans vs. other continents
30. Determining similarity: examination of many loci
31. Determining similarity: examination of SNPs
32. Genetic similarity within and between continents
33. Defining nearest relatives: single gene
34. Defining nearest relatives: many genes
35. Selection for skin pigmentation
36. Global skin color distribution
37. Human skin pigmentation evolution scenarios
38. Global UV incidence pattern (today)
39. Genotype-phenotype correlation
40. Evolution of lighter skin in Europe and East Asia
41. Adaptive evolution of human skin pigmentation
42. A scenario for human skin color evolution
43. Resistance to various forms of malaria
44. Malarial intensity and red-cell genetic disorders
45. Duffy null allele in malarial areas of Africa
46. Hemoglobinopathies
47. Beta-globin mutations in the malarial areas
48. Beta-thalassemia mutants global distribution
49. Alpha-thalassemia mutants global distribution
50. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
51. Location of PAH mutations in PKU pateints
52. PKU mutations: many types
53. Frequency distribution of 'PKU' alleles
54. PKU as representative of 'simple' human traits
55. PAH: each gene a quantitative trait?
56. PKU incidence varies among populations
57. Geographic variation in PAH alleles
58. Same principles apply to more complex traits
59. Deafness: pathways to similar phenotypes
60. Multiple unilocus causation
61. Mutations in some deafness-related genes
62. Breast cancer
63. Location and type of BRCA1 mutations
64. Breast cancer and other complex traits
65. Complex traits - many loci with many alleles
66. Studies may identify various QTLs for a trait
67. Predicting complex traits from genotypes
68. Environmental effects
69. Genetic' risk may depend on non-genetic factors
70. Overall summary
71. References

Topics Covered

• Evolution by phenotype
• Basic factors of evolutionary change
• Mutation
• Genetic drift
• Natural selection
• Gene flow
• Current human variation
• Human global Y chromosome haplotype distribution
• Human global mtDNA haplotype distribution
• Selection for skin pigmentation and human evolution
• Genetic variation and selection for resistance to various forms of malaria
• Phenylketonuria (PKU)
• Deafness
• Breast cancer

Links

Series:

• Human Population Genetics I

Categories:

• Genetics & Epigenetics

Talk Citation

Publication History

• Published on October 1, 2007

Financial Disclosures

• Prof. Kenneth Weiss has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.