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DR. KATHRIN U. JANSEN: Hello.
My name is Kathrin Jansen.
I'm a Senior Vice President at
Pfizer, responsible for vaccine
research and development.
Today, I will discuss bacterial
vaccines in development.
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Today's lecture is
intended to give you
a brief overview of
licensed bacterial vaccines,
and some examples of bacterial
vaccines in development,
to discuss key principles
of bacterial vaccine design
and development, to share with you
some insights in the R&D efforts
to develop bacterial vaccines.
And I will be using three examples.
The examples I have chosen are
programs that my colleagues
and I are working on at Pfizer.
So they are real life examples
of bacterial vaccine development.
Specifically, we will touch
on vaccines in development
to protect against
toxin-mediated diseases.
The example is
Clostridium difficile.
We will touch on
vaccines in development
to protect against a
very complex organism.
The example is staphylococcus
aureus, where the disease is
mediated by the bacterium
itself, and the virulence
factors that it expresses.
And finally, we will discuss
recently licenced vaccines
to protect the gram-negative
bacterium, Neisseria
meningitidis serogroup B.
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Vaccines to prevent
human bacterial diseases
have been developed in some form
or another since the 19th century.
Louis Pasteur was
the first to develop
several bacterial vaccines
against fowl cholera, anthrax,
and human cholera.
As you know, Leon
Charles Albert Calmette
and Jean-Marie Camille
Guerin developed
the first vaccine against TB.
Effective anti-toxin antibody
preparations against bacteria
causing diphtheria and
tetanus were produced
by Emil von Behring and
Shibasaburo Kitasato in the 1930s.
And vaccines against
these bacterial diseases
were developed that
have greatly reduced
the morbidity and
mortality associated
with these bacterial pathogens.
The first polysaccharide vaccines
were introduced in the 1970s
against Haemophilus
influenza type B,
Neisseria meningitidis, and
streptococcus pneumoniae.
Over the last decade and a
half, glyco-conjugate vaccines
have been developed
for these pathogens
to protect against
the most prevalent
strains of streptococcus pneumoniae,
and Neisseria meningiditis.
And these vaccines are
significantly more immunogenic,
particularly in young
children, because
the polysaccharide conjugate
vaccines induce immune memory.
Vaccines against these
bacterial diseases
have been exquisitely effective
and have saved millions of lives
globally since their
introduction and widespread use.
Despite these considerable advances
however, a lot remains to be done.
And there're still many
important bacterial pathogens
for which lifesaving
vaccines are not yet available.
