1. The principle of translation (18 mins)

Series: From DNA to Proteins - The Multiple Levels of Regulation (2007)

Prof. Joachim Frank - University at Albany and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Wadsworth Center, USA

Composition of the ribosome - Principle of translation - The four phases of translation - Structure and function of small and large ribosomal subunits - Role of elongation factors - The paths of messenger RNA, transfer RNA and the nascent polypeptide - Elongation cycle and binding positions of elongation factors - Decoding, peptidyl transfer and translocation - Phylogenetic conservation of ribosomal architecture

2. Structural insights into aminoacyl-tRNA delivery by EF-Tu and translocation by EF-G (27 mins)

Series: The Mechanisms of Ribosome Function - Insights into protein synthesis (2008)

Prof. Joachim Frank - University at Albany and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Wadsworth Center, USA

Schematic of elongation cycle - Role of elongation factors EF-G and EF-Tu - Molecular mimicry of elongation factors - Binding positions of factors and tRNA during elongation cycle - Process of tRNA selection - Proofreading - Role of bases A1492 and A1493 - GTP hydrolysis on EF-Tu - tRNA as a molecular spring - Translocation - Intersubunit ratchet motion - Induced fit - FRET studies of ratchet motion - Hybrid states of tRNA - Role of GTP hydrolysis in translocation