1. The principle of translation (18 mins)

Series: From DNA to Proteins - The Multiple Levels of Regulation (2007)

Prof. Joachim Frank - University at Albany and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Wadsworth Center, USA

Composition of the ribosome | Principle of translation | The four phases of translation | Structure and function of small and large ribosomal subunits | Role of elongation factors | The paths of messenger RNA, transfer RNA and the nascent polypeptide | Elongation cycle and binding positions of elongation factors | Decoding, peptidyl transfer and translocation | Phylogenetic conservation of ribosomal architecture

2. Structural insights into aminoacyl-tRNA delivery by EF-Tu and translocation by EF-G (27 mins)

Series: The Mechanisms of Ribosome Function - Insights into protein synthesis (2008)

Prof. Joachim Frank - University at Albany and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Wadsworth Center, USA

Schematic of elongation cycle | Role of elongation factors EF-G and EF-Tu | Molecular mimicry of elongation factors | Binding positions of factors and tRNA during elongation cycle | Process of tRNA selection | Proofreading | Role of bases A1492 and A1493 | GTP hydrolysis on EF-Tu | tRNA as a molecular spring | Translocation | Intersubunit ratchet motion | Induced fit | FRET studies of ratchet motion | Hybrid states of tRNA | Role of GTP hydrolysis in translocation