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1. Introduction
2. How do we describe genetic variation?
3. Four major factors of evolution: mutation
4. Natural selection and drift
5. Migration
6. Role of demography in the study of evolution
7. Calculating selection rate
8. Balancing selection
9. Drift and population size
10. Drift and migration
11. Drift, once the Cinderella of evolution
12. The aim of the Parma valley study
13. Computing expected genetic variation due to drift
14. Computer simulation of drift in 22 villages
15. Results of the computer simulation
16. Equilibrium of migration and drift
17. Calculation of drift in larger populations
18. Population density and drift in the Parma valley
19. Genetic variation plotted against population density
20. Simulations of expected effect of drift on variation
21. Simulation conclusions
22. How fast is fixation or extinction under drift ?
23. Founders' effect
24. Evolutionary history and present genetic variation
25. Prediction of evolutionary history using drift
26. Model for evolution reconstruction
27. The first application of the model
28. Genetic distances based on blood groups (1)
29. Genetic distances based on blood groups (2)
30. Tree of evolution
31. Is drift the only evolutionary factor involved?
32. Anthropometric vs. genetic world tree
33. Major differences between the two trees
34. Conclusions (Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards, 1964)
35. Molecular evolution reinforces importance of drift
36. Kimura's theorem on molecular evolution (1)
37. Kimura's theorem on molecular evolution (2)
38. Molecular evolution of proteins
39. Rate of molecular evolution varies among proteins
40. Trees with proteins, trees with DNA
41. An example of philogeographic analysis (1)
42. An example of philogeographic analysis (2)
43. Microsatellites
44. Using microsatellites to define populations
45. A tree with 30 microsatellites (1)
46. A tree with 30 microsatellites (2)
47. Graphic presentation of evolution data by PCA
48. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
49. Understanding PCA
50. PCA of 21 European populations (1)
51. PCA of 21 European populations (2)
52. Same European populations analyzed by tree

Topics Covered

• Four major factors of evolution: mutation, natural selection, drift, migration
• Role of demography in the quantitative study of evolution
• Drift: the Parma Valley study
• Equilibrium of migration and drift
• Founders' effect
• Reconstructing evolutionary history of a population
• Evidence of the importance of drift from molecular evolution
• Molecular evolution of proteins
• Trees with proteins and trees with DNA
• Phylogeographic analysis
• Microsatellites
• Graphic presentation of evolution data by principal components analysis

Links

Series:

• Human Population Genetics I

Categories:

• Genetics & Epigenetics

Talk Citation

Cavalli-Sforza, L.L. (2007, October 1). History and geography of human genetic diversity I [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks. Retrieved May 28, 2025, from https://doi.org/10.69645/YQGV7938.
Export Citation (RIS)

Publication History

• Published on October 1, 2007
• Archived on May 21, 2025

Financial Disclosures

• Prof. Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza has not informed HSTalks of any commercial/financial relationship that it is appropriate to disclose.